The properties of the matter which do not depend on quantity as well as the size of the matter are known as intensive properties. Examples of intensive properties are temperature, color, boiling and melting point, and density. These all are intensive properties of the matter as these will not change concerning the quantity or size of the matter.
The properties of the matter that depend on the quantity as well as the size of the matter are known as extensive properties. Examples of extensive properties are length, volume, weight, and mass. These properties will change with changes inthe quantity or the size of the matter.
Physical properties
Physical properties are used to describe and observe the nature of substances. These properties are often described in terms of their extensive and intensive properties. The classification of the physical properties is based on the size of the substances.
The physical change affects either the state or the form of the substances. It does not affect the chemical properties of substances. No new substance is formed in a physical change.
Some of the physical properties of matter are classified as extensive and intensive properties as mentioned below:
· The color of the matter is classified as an intensive property.
· Mass of the matter is classified as an extensive property.
· The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance starts boiling and is classified as an intensive property.
· The volume of the matter is classified as an extensive property.
· The density of the matter is classified as an intensive property.
· The melting point is the temperature at which a substance starts melting and is classified as an intensive property.
Physical change:
The change that takes place without changing the chemical composition of the matter is termed as a physical change. In other words, the same compound or element will be present before and after the reaction or the change. These changes are directly related to the physical properties of the matter.
There are three main states of matter that are solid, liquid, and gas. These are classified as follows:
Some examples of the physical change are mentioned below:
· The breaking of a pencil is a physical change as the composition of the material remains the same.
· The cutting of trees is a physical change as the composition of the material remains the same.
· The changing of phases is a physical change as the nature of the substance does not change. For example – the freezing of water.
Chemical properties
The chemical property is the property of the material or substance that can be evident during the chemical reaction. In other words, the appearance or quality can be established by the change in the chemical identity of matter or substance.
Chemical properties cannot be observed by touching or viewing the matter or substance. The internal structure of the substance must be affected by chemical change. Therefore, the chemical change affects the chemical properties of substances as well as their internal structure. Chemical change involves the formation of a new substance.
Some of the chemical properties of matter are mentioned below:
• The energy released during the combustion of the compound in the presence of oxygen is known as the heat of combustion.
• Both oxidation and hydrolysis are chemical reactions as substances undergo chemical changes in both cases.
• The change in the oxidation state of species is also its chemical property.
• The burning of a compound is a chemical reaction in which high temperature is provided to the reaction in the presence of oxygen.
Chemical change:
The chemical changes are also termed as chemical reactions. The reacting species of the reaction are known as reactants, and the species that are formed after the reaction are known as products.
Some examples of the chemical change are mentioned below:
• A chemical change might also result in the formation of a precipitate or a cloudy or white-colored material after the substances are dissolved and mixed.
• Cooking and rusting are types of chemical changes as they produce substances with different chemical compositions.
• Burning of the wood results in the formation of ash, carbon dioxide, and water.
