It is also known as acute HIV or acute retroviral syndrome. Some individuals have influenza-like symptoms. Some other individuals have no symptoms at all. Most of the symptoms include tenderness and swelling of lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, and fever too, headache, sore mouth, and genitals, etc.
Some people also develop infections called opportunity infection, i.e., infections caused by the pathogens and microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, etc., which do not cause any disease normally, but due to the weakened immune system, they take advantage of it and cause the diseases that may not occur naturally.
If one talks about the particular symptoms, they include gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea. Neurologically, peripheral neuropathy may occur in some of the people facing this disease. As one gets to know that, the symptoms may not appear, so the signs of HIV infection are diagnosed with difficulty.Following the initial symptoms, another stage an HIV person faces is the clinical latency infection or chronic HIV. Studies and surveys prove that if proper treatment is not made available to the infected person, the 2nd stage of this infected person may last from 3 to 20 years approximately and 8 years on average.
AIDS is the kind of HIV infection that includes very few CD4+ T cells and the count of these goes below 200 cells per microliter. A person can estimate his/her infection by the general disease, i.e., pneumocystis pneumonia, oesophageal candidiasis, and cachexia. Some of the symptoms also include respiratory tract infections.
Since HIV is talked about a lot,itis necessary to know which family it belongs to and how it acts/works inside the cell. It belongs to retrovirus that affects CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. There are numerous causesthat might contribute to the failure of the immune system to manage HIV infection and stop the development of AIDS. It affects the CD4+ T cells and turns into a position to copy preponderantly in activated T cells and paralyze one in all the most elements of the adjusted system. HIV can even establish hidden infection in CD4+ T cells and stay invisible to CD8+ T cells, and thus, replication can happen later within the infection and generate new versions. Substance mutation inside the T-cell epitopes will affect the binding capability of MHC molecules to the infective agent peptides, leading to the lack of the TCRs to recognize the MHC-peptide complicated. Finally, HIV is in a position to escape from anti-HIV antibodies by establishing non-immunogenic glycans on important protein epitopes. The overview of the scientific workflow is described in the picture as below:
Testing
HIV/AIDS testing needs to be done to prevent complications ahead. The infection induces antibody generation in the serum after roughly 3–12 weeks after the initial infection. Diagnosis and sure-shot method for the testing includes the p-24 antigen and the results are depicted based on the PCR testing.
